Can First Nations Sovereignty Coexist with Canadian Sovereignty?

In an era of greater awareness of Canada’s history of colonization, the notion of sovereignty still seems unattainable for many First Nations. Is it possible for both Canada and First Nations to simultaneously have sovereignty? This paper explores the various concepts of sovereignty and examines the limitations and barriers for First Nations to achieve autonomy and self-governance. The starting point considers the various manifestations of sovereignty and identifying which version of sovereignty is most realistic for co-existing nations. The Indian Act has played a critical role in hampering self-governance negotiations between First Nations and the Government of Canada. Looking further at the factors that hinder First Nations sovereignty, including the federal government’s historic, political, and systemic obstacles, this paper seeks to answer the question of whether or not First Nations sovereignty can coexist with Canadian sovereignty.